In the protection and renewal construction of historical and cultural blocks, the problems of lack, lag and separation of existing building and site information are common at present. The historical and cultural blocks in the Suzhou have a large range,dense streets and alleys, and complex conditions, which are more suitable for the use of UAV oblique photography. Compared with other surveying and mapping techniques,UAV oblique photography has both precision and breadth, and the generated real-scene 3D model has both spatial scale and surface texture information. Taking the No. 1 plot project of Pingjiang Road in Suzhou as an example, the research introduces the application process of UAV oblique photography in the surveying and mapping stage, design stage and construction implementation stage during protection and renewal, and forms a digitalsystem for the protection and renewal of historical and cultural blocks based on UAV oblique photography.