金中都西园位置辨正 ——兼考金南京西园暨同乐园
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Rediscuss the Location of West Garden in the Middle Capital of Jin Dynasty Southern Capital of Jin Dynasty
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    摘要:

    过往金中都城市史研究中,皇家园林“西园”位置的观点分歧较多,并牵涉“同乐园”“琼华岛”等其他皇家园林场所。基于宋金元时期都城宫苑的建置变迁史,重审金中都西园位置各观点所采诗文史料依据。结合诗文作者生平和诗文内容精读分析,指出金南京也有皇家园林称“西园”,又称“同乐园”。其前身是宋徽宗经营的龙德宫、撷芳园。因与金中都“西园”“同乐园”异地同名,过往研究有误植金南京西园史料于中都者,衍生出金中都西园(以及琼华岛)位置的歧见。在厘定金南京西园、同乐园史料基础上,补充三则史料旁证说明金中都西园应位于万宁宫西面,是以太液池、琼华岛为主体的皇家园林,约今北海、中海片区。

    Abstract:

    There are several different opinions on the location of the imperial garden "West Garden" in the research on the building history of the Middle Capital of Jin Dynasty. This disagreement also involves issues on the location of other imperial gardens such as Tongle Garden and Qionghua Island. Based on the building history context during Northern Song to Yuan period of the Middle Capital and the Souther Capital of Jin Dynasty, this paper reexamines historical poetry and prose materials related to "West Garden" which adopted by different opinions to demonstrate the location of the West Garden in the Middle Capital of Jin Dynasty. Combined with the life of the poet and the intensive reading and analysis of the content of the poem, it is pointed out that there was an imperial garden in the same name "West Garden", also called "Tongle Garden", in the Southern Capital of Jin Dynasty, which was formerly the Longde Palace and Xiefang Garden constructed by the Huizong in Northern Song Dynasty. Because the West Garden (Tongle Garden)'s name in the Southern Capital was duplicated with the imperial gardens in the Middle Capital, historical text materials about the West Garden in Southern Capital were wrongly used by some research in the past to demonstrate the location of West Garden of the Middle Capital. Thus, the author first discriminates the historical text materials about the West Garden in the Middle Capital from that in the Southern Capital. Then, three pieces of historical circumstantial evidence are added to clarify that the West Garden of the Middle Capital, an imperial garden with Taiye Pool and Qionghua Island as the main body, should be located in the west of Wanning Palace in the northeast suburb, about the area of Beihai and Zhonghai today.

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曹睿原 * 张净妮 .金中都西园位置辨正 ——兼考金南京西园暨同乐园[J].古建园林,2025,(177):85-92

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  • 在线发布日期: 2025-10-14
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